2. Global Warming

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In the last twenty years the issue that has received the greatest attention has been that of global warming. Estimates, based on measured temperatures worldwide, indicate that global average temperature has risen by 0.5 degrees Celcius in the last one hundred years. It is difficult to interpret this value as it represents the average near surface air temperature. Some argue that the distribution of stations is uneven and that the value is therefore biased. However, most scientists believe that this rise is 'real' and many contend that it is the result of human activities, in particular those that increase the proportion of Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Some scientists believe that there are signs of global warming all around us. They point to climate changes that give rise to more violent and severe thunderstorms resulting in flooding around the world. The recent heavy rainfall in Mozambique which caused severe flooding and many deaths is an example.

Other scientists would maintain that a better indicator of global warming is the break-up of the ice caps into enormous icebergs. These icebergs could be up to half the size of Ireland and when free they pose huge dangers for ships.